Centrifugal pump or blower and similar machine



Nov. 24, 1925- 1,563,

. L. WEIL CENTRIFUGAL PUMP 0R BLOWER AND SIMILAR MACHINE Filed Nov. 30 .-1921 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 sssssssssfisssssu Nov. 24, 1925- 1,563,129

- L. WEIL CENTRIFUGAL PUMP 0R BLOWER AND SIMILAR MACHINE Filed Novl so. 1921 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Fig.3.

Inventor:

H AMn Q7ZQQL/ Patented Nov. 24, 1925.

UNITED- STATES ATEN OFFICE.

LunwIe wait, or BIEBRICH, GERMANY."

CENTRI'FUGALIUMP on. BLOWER AND SIMILAR acrame.

Application filed November 30, 1921. S eria1 No.518, 38.

-To all/whom, it may concern:

Be it known that, I, LUDWIG Empire, have invented new and useful Improvements in Centrifugal Pumps or Blowers and Similar Machines, of which the following jis a full, clear, and exact specifi- .cation. a p

My invention relates to improvements in fcentrifugal pumps or blowers and similar Another object of'the improvements is to i ;provide a machine in'which the pressure at opposite ends of the stuffing box or bearing of the impeller shaft'is uniform, so that the usual packing medium and in some cases -.the stuffing box itself may be dispensed with.- With these and'other objects in view my invention consists in the matters to be described hereinafter andpa-rticularly pointed out in the appended claims.

For the purpose of explaining the inven' tion several examples embodying the same .have' been shown in the accompanying drawings, i n which-' i Fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal section showing a pump or blower in which the axial pressure acting on opposite sides of the bearing of the shaft is'lbalanced only while the machine is in operation,

Fig. 2 is. a similar section showing a'modilication in which the said'axial pressure is balanced also when the machine is at rest,

fpi'u'np and outside the same,

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section showing a ginodi'ficatio similar to that shown in Fig. 2

the machine being provided with a shiftable .ring or disk which is automatically set by the difference of the pressures within the n which-i -theiladj ustabl'e ring is controlled b a centrifugalgovernor keyed to the shaft, .1 g .-4;.is similar section showing a modification'in' which a valve disk secured to the .31 Cltir zen of Austria, andresident of Biebrich-on the-Rhine, inthe State of .Pruss1a,'German.

shaft is controlled by a spring and a gover-,

nor acting on the end of. the shaft.

In the example shown in Fig. 1 my improved pump or blower consists of a casing comprising a circumferential delivery chamber 0 and a lid 1) formed with a suction pipe 6 a rotary member or impeller a provided with vanes, and'a shaft (Z carrying the same.

To the shaft a hub e is secured which 00- through holes 71 with the pressure chamber IV located at the reariof the member a.

The operation of the pump or blower shown in Fig. l is as follows:

The fluid medium is drawn into the machine at a pressure indicated in Fig. 1 by the character 7%, and itis'discharged at a pressure p... The fluid pressure within the same,' so that the pressure exerted by the fluid confined therein is balanced. The chamber IV communicates 'with the chamber III, so that the fluid pressure therein is atthe beginning larger than and thedifferential pressure acting on the rotary memher is directed towards the suction passage. However, the fluid medium flowing through the tapering inlet duct I has a strong ejector action at h, by means of which the fluid fromthe chambers V and IV is withdrawn radial direction and carried along through (the passages of the impeller a. Thereby the pressure within the chamber IV is reduced. The velocity of the medium at 72; is'transformed into pressure by reason of the outwardly flaring passages of the impeller a. If an axial pressure is exerted on the rotary system in the direction towards the suction pipe 6 that is in Fig. 1 from pipe so that the cross-sectional area of the .chambers II and III is substantially the i passages his reduced andthe ejector action increased. Thereby the pressure within the chamber IV is reduced, and the rotary system tends to move to the right. If the axial pressure acts to the right, the rotary system is shifted to the right so as to enlarge the cross-sectional area of the passages ft, to reduce the ejector action and to increase the pressure within the chamber IV, until the said axial pressure is balanced.

In some cases I prefer to provide pressure chambers of such size and dimension that the maximum pressure within the chamber IV is less than the pressure outside the easing. In this case the suction caused by the ejector action relieves the stuffing box is, so that the packing thereof can be dispensed with. This feature is particularly important, where concentrated acids or lyes are pumped.

llhe examples shown in- Figs. 2 to 4 are similar in construction to the example shown in Fig. 1, as far as the construction of the pump proper is concerned, and similar reference characters have been used to indicate corresponding parts, so that it is not necessary to repeat the description of the pump. In the modification shown in Fig. 2 in addition a ring m is mounted on the shaft d or the hub of the impeller. The said ring is provided with a flange 11, and it is :axially shiftable on the shaft or hub for being brought into tight engagement with an annular surface 0 of the casing and with an annular surface p provided on a disk 9 fitted in the casing. By thus providing seats for the shiftable ring m, n on opposite sides thereof the pump shaft is tightened .as against the casing of the blower when the fluid pressure within the casing is higher than that of the outer air as well when it is lower than that of the outer air.

In the modification shown in Fig. 3 an axially shiftable ring at, n is provided which cooperates with two seats 0 and 72 provided respectively on opposite sides of the ring, the construction being similar in this respect to the construction described with reference to Fig. 2. However, for shifting the ring I provide a centrifugal governor 1' on the shaft d, which governor comprises rocking weighted bodies 8 and springs t. The bodies 8 are joined to a collar to orth'e like which has a bearing in an annular groove of the ring m By the c0- plperation of the bodies 8 and the springs 23 e ring m n is positively shifted either to the. right or left and into tightening engagement-with either one of the seats 0 or 10 By varying the tension of the springs the pressure of thering m, n on its seats can be regulated, so that the tightening is independent of the fluid pressure within the pump.-

In the example shown in Fig. 4: a ring m s secured to the. shaft 03 and its flange n is in the form of a conical valvebody adapted to engage a conical seat 10 formed on" a part of the wall of the casing of the pump or blower. To hold the valve body in tighte'ning contact with its seat a compression spring '0 is provided at the end of the shaft (P, which spri ng.forces the shaft (1 to the right and the valve body on its seat.- The spring is enclosed-within a casing a, which also encloses weighted rockers 'w. IVhen the pump or blower is in operation the rockers w are rocked outwards so as to compress the spring '0 and to unseat the valve body n Therefore, the tightening surfaces are not subject to uvear when the pump is in operation. In order that the axial displacement of the shaft (5 be small, I provide means for setting the spring 0 on the shaft.

Fig. 4 also shows other means for unsea-t-' ing the valve body a while the pump is in operation. As shown the diameters y and m of the tightening flanges fand f are different on opposite. sides of the rotary member, the diameter ac of the rear-flange f of the member being smaller than the diameter 1 of the tightening flange located at the front or suction side of the pump. Therefore the fluid pressure within the chamber III acts on a larger area of the member a than the fluid pressure within the chamber II, so that the difierential pressure on the member a is directed to the left. In the preferred form shown in the figure the dimensions are such that the differential pressure exceeds the pressure, exerted by the spring o when the pump is at rest. Therefore the diameter x of the flange f is smaller than the diameter 3 ofuthe flange 7.

While Fig. 4 shows two means for unseating the valve m n, viz. the weighted bodies w and the difference of the diameters w and 7 I wish it to be understood, that in some cases only one of said means is provided in the pump or blower.

IVhile in describing the invention reference has been made to particular examples embodying the same, I wish it to be understood that my invention is not limited to the constructions shown in the figures, and that various changes may be made in the general arrangement of the pump or blower and the construction of its parts.

\V hat I claim is: I

1. A machine ofthe class described, comprising a casing having an inlet passage and a discharge passage, a rotary member formed with-passages intermediate the inlet and discharge passages and adapted when rotated to force a fluid medium from the inlet passage to the discharge passage, a fluid chamber a passage through which the fluid medium entering the rotary member acts on the fluid confined within said chamber for varying the pressure thereof, and means controlled by the pressure of the fluid Within the chamber for. varying the flow of the fluid medium through said passages.

, 2. A-maohihe of the class described, comprising a casing having an axial inlet pas- "discharge passage, a fluid chamber, a passage through whichthe fluid mglium entering the rotary member acts on the fluid confined within saidichamber for varying the pressure thereof, and means controlled by the pressure of the fluid within the chamber for varying theflow of the vfluid medium through saidpassa'ges. i

3. A machine of the'class described, comprising ascasing having an inlet passage and a discharge-passage, an axially slnftable rotary member formed with passages intermediate the inlet and discharge passagesand adapted when'rotated to force a fluid medium'from the inlet passage to the discharge passage, said rotary member being adapted when shifted axially tovary .the flow of the mediumfa fluid chamber provided by said casing and rotary. member in position for Causing thefluid confined'therein-toact on the rotary member in axial direction, and a passage through which said fluid medium when entering the rotary member actson the fluid within said chamber for varylng the pressure thereof 4-. A machine of the class described, com

prising a casing. having an inlet passage and a discharge passage, an axially shlftable rotary member formed with passages intermediate the inlet and discharge passages and adapted when rotated to force a fluld medium from the inlet passage to the d s-- charge passagc,said rotary member being adapted when shiftedaxially to vary the flow of the medium, a fluid chamber provided by said casing and rotary member in posltlon for'causing the fluid confined therei in; to act on the rotarymember in axial dir et'tion. and a passage connecting said chamber and passages for the fluid medium and opening into the inner end of the intermediate passages of the rotary member substan tially in the directionof the flow of the medium through the same 5. A machine of the class described, com prising a'casing having an inlet passage and a discharge passage, an axially shiftable rotaryn'nember formed with passages interme- I diate thefinlet and discharge passages and a hub bordering said inlet passage with a radial wall and adapted when rotated to force a fluid medium from the inlet passage to the discharge passage, said hub being adapted when axially shifting the rotary member to vary the flow of the medium, a fluid cham- Ler provided by said casing and rotary 'mem ber imposition for causing the fluidconfined therein to act on the rotary member in axial direction, and a passage opening into prising a casing having an inlet passage and a discharge passage,'an axially shiftable ro tary member formed w th passages intermediate the inlet and discharge passages and" ah'ub having a radial flange bordering said inlet passage, said rotary member being adapted when rotated-to force a fluid medium from the inlet passage to the discharge passage. said hub being adapted when shifted axially with the rotary member to vary the flow of the medium, fluid chambers formed by the casing and at opposite sides of the rotary membervv and communicating with said discharge passage, a fluid chamber formed by the casing and a part of the wall of the rotary member in position for causing the fluid confined therein to act on the 'rotarymember in axial direction, and a fluid chamber formedbetween said radial flange of the hub and the wall of the rotary member, the last named fluid chamber opening into the inner end of the intermediate passages of the rotary member and communicating with said chamber formed by the easing and part of the rotary member and with g'for ned with passages intermediate the inlet and discharge passages and adapted when rotated to force a fluid medium from the I inlet passage to the discharge passage, a

flaiid chambeI'cOmmunica ting with the dis 'e. passage, a passage connecting said i'ainber with the inlet passage and opening into" the vinner endof the intermediate passages of the rotary member substantially in-the direction of the flow of the fluid'medium passing through the same, and means controlled by the pressure of the fluid within the chamber for varying the flow of the fluid medium through saidpassages.

8. Aina chine, of the class descril'ied, comprising a casing 'lia -ing 'an inlet passage and a discharge passage, an axiallyshiftable rotary member formed with passages intermediate the inlet and discharge passages and adapted when ,rotated to force a fluid medium from the inlet passage to the discharge passage, said rotary member being adapted when shifted axially to vary the flow of the medium, a fluid chamber provided by said casing'and rotary member in position for causing the fluid confined there in to act on the rotarymember in axial direction, and a passage opening into the innor end of the intermediate passages of the rotary member and through which said fluid medium acts on thefluid within said chamber for varying the pressure thereof, the dimensions of the casing and rotary member being such that the pressure within said fluid chamber does not exceed the pressure of the. air surrounding the machine. 1

9. A machine of the class described, comprising a casing having an inlet passage and a discharge passage, anaxially. shiftable rotary member,formed with passages intermediatethe inlet and discharge passages and adaptedwhcn rotated to force a fluid medium from the inlet passage to the discharge passage, said rotary member be ing adapted when shifted'axially to vary the flow of the medium, a shaft on which said rotary member is mounted and which passes through the wall of the casing, metallie' tightening means between said shaft and the wall'of the casing, a fluid chamber provided by said casing and rotary member in position for causing the fluid con fined therein to act 0n the rotary member in axial direction, and a passage opening into the inner end of the intermediate passa eyes of the rotary member and through which said fluid medium acts on the fluid within said chamber'for varying the pressure thereof.

10. A'centrifugal pump or blower, comprising a casing provided with inlet and outlet passages, a rotary member within said casing formed with passages intermediate said'inlet and outlet passages .and adapted when rotated to force a fluid medium from the inlet passage to the-outlet passage, ashaft carrying said rotary member and mounted inthe wall of the casing, a fluid chamber provided by the casing-at the part thereof where the shaft passes into same, and a passage opening into the inner end :of the intermediate passages of the rotary member in a direction parallelto that of the flow through said intermediate passage and. through "which passage the fluid medium flowing through the machine continuously :icts on the fluid withinsaid chamber.

V 11. A centrifugal pump or blower, comprising a casing-provided with inlet and outlet passages, a rotary member within said casing formed with passagesantermbdiat e said inlet and outlet passages and adapted wherrrtated to force a fluid medium from the inlet passage to the outlet passage, a shaft carrying said rotary member and mounted in the wall of the casing, a fluid chamber providedby the casing at the part thereof where'the shaft passes into the same, and a passage forming a continuous connection between said fluid chamber and said fpassages through which the fluid medium rection parallel thereto.

intermediate passages of the rotary mem her in a direction parallel to that of the flow through said intermediate passage to form therewith an ejector for reducing pressure within the chamber.

' 12. A centrifu al um or blower com-i P l risin a casin rovided w1tlr1nlet and P e a P outlet passages, a rotary member within said 'and.communicating with said outlet passage, and a passage of variable width con-' necting the 'chai'uberwith said passages through which the fluid medium flows at the inlet side thereof and opening into the same in a direction parallel theretoto form therewith an ejector for reducing the fluid pressure within. said chamber.

13. A centrifu al mm or blower coma I v m I I *0 prising a casing provided with inlet and outlet passages, a rotary member within saidcasing formed with passages intermediate said inlet and outlet passages and adapted when rotated to force a fluid medium from the inlet passage to the outlet passage, a shaft carrying said rotary member and mounted in the wall of the casing, metallic tightening lmeans between said shaft and easing, a" fluid chamber provided by the casing at the part thereof where the shaft passes into the same, and a passage through which thefluid medium flowing through the machine acts on the fluid within said chamber, said passage opening into'the passage formed in the rotary member in a di- 14. A centrifugal pump or blower, comprising a casing provided with inlet and outlet passages, a rotary member within said casing formed with passages intermediate said inlet and outlet passages and adapted when rotated to force a fluid medium from the inlet passage to, the outlet passage, a shaft carrying said rotary member and mounted in the wall of the' casing. a ring carried by said shaft and adapted for engagemcnt with the casing for providing a tight 1omtbctwecn the shaft and the casing,

and means controlled by the rotation of the rotary member to relieve the pressure of the ring on its seat.

15. A centrifugal pump or blower, comprisiiig a casing provided with 'inlot 41nd outlet passages, a rotary member within said casing formed with passages intermediate said inlet ,and outlet passages and adapted when rotated to force a fluid medium from the inlet passage to the outlet passage, a shaft carrying said rotary memher and mounted in the wall ofthe casing,

a ring slidable on said shaft andadapted 16. A centrifugal pump or blower, comprising a easing provided with inlet and outlet passages, a rotary member within said casing formed with passages. intermediate said inlet and outlet passages and adapted when rotated to force a fluid medium from the inlet passage to the outlet passage, a shaftcarrying said rotary member and mounted in the wall of the casing, a ring slidable'on said shaft and adapted for tightening engagement. with a seat provided by the casing, and means on saidshaft operating byicentrifugalforce and connected with sand ring for seating and unseating the same. 17. A centrifugal pump or blower, comprising a casing provided with inlet and outlet passages, a rotary member within said casing formed with passages intermediate .said inlet and outlet passages and 7 adapted when rotated to force a fluid medium from the inlet passage to the outlet passage, a

shaft carrying said rotary member and mounted in the wall of the casing, a ring I slidable on said shaft and adapted for tightening engagement with a seat provided by the casing, and regulatable means on said shaft operating. by centrifugal force and connected with said ring forseating and unseating the same. I p s 18. A centrifugal pump orblower', com- 2 prising a casing provided with'inlet and outlet passages,

casing a rotary member within said formed with passages intermediate said inlet and outlet passages and adapted when rotated to force a fluid medium from the inlet passage t6 the outlet passage, an axially shift able shaft carrying said rotarymember and mounted in the wall of the casing, a ring secured to said shaft and'adapted for tightening engagement with a seat provided by the casing, and adjustable means acting on said shaft and tending to seat said ring. I

19. A centrifugal pump or blower, comprising a casing provided with inlet and outlet passages, a rotary member within said casing formed with passages intermediate said'inlet and outlet passages and adapted when rotated to force a fluid medium from the inlet passage to the outlet passage, an axially shiftable shaft carrying said rotary member and mounted in the wall of the casing, a ring secured to said shaft and adapted for tightening engagement with a seat providedby the casing, an adjustable spring acting on said shaft in axial direction and tending to force the ring on its seat, and means operating by centrifugal force and acting on said spring in a direction for unseating the ring.

20. A centrifugal pump or blower, com prising a casing provided with inlet. and outlet passages, a rotary member within said casing formed with passages intermediate said inlet and outlet passages and adapted when rotated to force a fluid medium from the inlet passage to the outlet passage, an axially shiftable shaft carrying said rotary member and mounted in the wall of the easing, a ring-secured to said shaft and adapted for tightening engagement. with a seat rovided by the casing and pressure 'cham ers provided by the casing and rotary member at opposite sides of the rotary member and communicating with the passages for the fluid medium, the area of the rotary member acted upon bythe fluid medium within the chambers being different so that a differential pressure is produced which tends to un- A seat said ring.

In testimony whereof l have affixed my signature.

' LUDWIG WEIL. 

